Guinea pigs are adorable little animals that make great pets. They can overheat easily, though,[1] and become very sick. An overheated guinea pig needs to be treated by a veterinarian right away, so it will be important for you to recognize when your guinea pig is too hot and get him the care he needs as soon as possible.
EditSteps
EditGiving Your Overheated Guinea Pig First Aid
- Recognize the signs of heatstroke. Your guinea pig’s small size increases his risk of heatstroke. When the outside temperature reaches at least 82 degrees Fahrenheit (28 degrees Celsius) and the humidity is high, he may be at even higher risk of overheating.[2] Knowing what your guinea pig will look like when he is overheating will help you jump into action and get him the care he needs.
- Guinea pigs suffering from heatstroke will have trouble breathing, have a bright red tongue, and start slobbering (‘wet chin’). They will also become very weak, look depressed, and maybe even start convulsing.[3]
- An overheated guinea pig can die if not treated quickly, so you need to be quick with noticing when he needs to cool down.[4]
- Call your veterinarian. Your veterinarian should know when your guinea pig is overheating.[5] When you call, give the veterinary team as much information as you can about your guinea pig, such as how long he was outside, when you noticed he was overheating, and how he looks now. Calling your veterinarian will also let him or her know that you will be coming in with an emergency case.
- Remove your guinea pig from the hot area. Take your guinea pig to a cool part of your house and start giving him first aid.[6] Guinea pigs are not able to cool off by sweating or panting,[7] so your guinea pig will not be able to cool off on his own.
- Cool down your guinea pig. You may be scared at how sick your guinea pig looks, but he will need you to stay calm and act quickly to help him feel better. Get a bowl and fill it with about an inch and a half (four centimeters) of lukewarm water. Place your guinea pig’s feet in the water for about 10 minutes, letting him stand if he is strong enough to do so.[8]
- Continue to hold him if he is not able to stand on his own.
- If you do not have a bowl nearby, put the same amount of water in a sink and place your guinea pig's feet in the sink.[9]
- It is very important that the water is lukewarm. Cold water could cool your guinea pig down too rapidly and cause him to go into shock.[10]
- Slowly dampen the rest of your guinea pig’s body (e.g., ears, abdomen) with the water.[11] Do not submerse him completely in the water—this could also cause him to go into shock.[12]
- Do not give fluids to your guinea pig. Heatstroke plus dehydration equals a very sick guinea pig and trying to rehydrate him on your own could make him even sicker.[13] For example, if he is having trouble breathing, he could accidentally inhale the liquid into his lungs. However, if the guinea pig is conscious offer him water to drink.
- Leave the task of rehydrating your guinea pig to your veterinarian.
- Take your guinea pig to your veterinarian. Your guinea pig will be very sick from overheating, so he will need treatment from your veterinarian as soon as possible. To keep him cool on your way to the veterinarian’s office, place him on a cool, damp towel.[14]
- Dampen the towel with the same lukewarm water from the bowl or sink. You can also wrap your guinea pig in the towel.[15]
- Turn on the air conditioning (AC) in your car. You could roll down the windows if the AC isn’t working, but this may not let in enough cool to air to keep your guinea pig cooled down.[16]
- Your veterinarian will continue to give your guinea pig first aid by keeping him cool and rehydrating him with intravenous fluids. Your veterinarian will also give your guinea pig extra oxygen if he is having trouble breathing.[17]
- Your veterinarian will monitor your guinea pig intensively for signs of organ damage or failure due to heatstroke. This would involve taking blood samples.[18]
- Your guinea pig will recover in a cool, quiet, and dark area of your veterinarian’s office. Put him in the same type of area when you bring him home.[19]
EditPreventing Your Guinea Pig From Overheating
- Give your guinea pig plenty of water. Your guinea pig needs water regardless of the temperature outside, but it will be even more important to keep him well hydrated in the spring and summer. Fill his water bottle with fresh, cool water. If you are not home during the day, use a large water bottle that will not run too low when you are away.[20]
- Consider placing the water bottle on the outside of his cage, leaving only the tip of the water bottle’s snout inside the cage. This would keep your guinea pig from chewing on and possibly damaging the sipper tube.[21]
- Refill the water bottle whenever the water level gets low.
- When you have your guinea pig outside, place the water bottle in the shaded part of his run or cage. The area of shade will change according to the position of the sun, so you will need to move the water bottle periodically.[22]
- Turn up the AC. When it gets hot outside, it is best to keep your guinea pig inside. The ideal temperature for your guinea pig is 64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit (18 to 20 degrees Celsius).[23] Depending on the temperature inside your house, you may have to crank up your AC to keep your guinea pig cool and comfortable.
- If you are using a portable air conditioner, make sure the air is not blowing directly into your guinea pig’s cage. The direct airflow could lead to an upper respiratory infection.[24] If you turned down the thermostat, make sure his cage is not in the direct path of the room’s vents.
- Fans are not recommended for keeping your guinea pig cool, since they tend to just push hot air around.[25]
- Fans are good for evaporating sweat. However, since guinea pigs do not sweat, fans are not that useful.[26]
- Keep your guinea pig cool when he is outside. Having outside time is important for guinea pigs. You will need to take special precautions when you take him outside in the spring and summer. For example, take him outside when it is a little cooler—early in the mornings or late in the evening.[27]
- If you have your guinea pig in a cage outside, cover his cage with cool, damp towels to create a cool, shaded area for him.[28] Reposition the towels depending on the angle of the sun.
- Place ice packs or frozen water bottles in your guinea pig’s run or cage. He can lie up against them to cool himself off. Wrap them in towels first so he does not get too cold or damage the skin on his paw pads.[29]
- Put a ceramic tile or brick in his run or cage (whichever is most convenient for you to obtain). They repel heat and give your guinea pig something cool on which to lie.[30]
- You can also fill a large bowl with ice cubes, cover it, and place it in his run or cage. He can lie against this to keep him cool. Covering it will keep him from falling in.[31]
- Consider spritzing your guinea pig occasionally with cool (not cold) water.[32]
- Check on your guinea pig at least every 20 minutes when he is outside.[33]
- Groom your guinea pig. Taking care of your guinea pig’s coat can help keep him cool in the spring and summer. For example, combing and brushing his coat can remove excess fur and matts that could trap heat and cause your guinea pig to overheat.[34] Combs and brushes suitable for guinea pigs are available at your local pet store.
- Use a soft-bristled brush and brush in the direction of the fur, making sure not to pull the fur.[35]
- For the matts, you can try to comb them out or cut them out with a pair of small scissors. Have another person wrap the guinea pig in a towel and hold him if you want to use scissors. If the matts are large, try to comb them out over several grooming sessions.[36]
- Groom your guinea pig every day,[37] especially if he has long hair.
- Take your guinea pig to a groomer if you are not comfortable grooming your guinea pig yourself.
EditTips
- Poor ventilation and overcrowding can also cause your guinea pig to overheat.[38]
- If your guinea pig’s heatstroke is moderate (your veterinarian will make this determination), then he should have a good recovery.[39]
- It may seem like a good idea to give your guinea pig frozen food in the summer. However, frozen food could upset his digestive system and give him diarrhea. It is better to keep his food at room temperature.[40]
- In your guinea pig’s run, wooden houses or cardboard boxes can give your guinea pig a chance to get out of the sun and cool off. Plastic houses are not good because they can trap heat.[41]
- Do not worry if you cannot completely manage your guinea pig’s heatstroke on your own. Focus on doing what you can to keep him cool until you can get him to your veterinarian.
EditWarnings
- The onset of heatstroke can be very quick. Take your guinea pig veterinarian as soon as you can.
- Serious heatstroke can lead to organ damage and failure, which could put your guinea pig’s life at risk. If your guinea pig survives a bout of serious heatstroke, he will probably need ongoing veterinary care to treat the organ damage.[42]
- Cooling off an overheated guinea pig too quickly or submersing him in water can cause him to go into shock.[43]
EditSources and Citations
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